Citta-Vrtti-Nirodhah and Etymological respect
This is a spiritual one to help you understand better things. Unfortunately
someone loves translating ancient words with western concepts that have nothing
to do with the concepts expressed by other cultures. Words that should tell you,
MAKE YOU UNDERSTAND, HELP YOU, turn into something else, slowly hiding away the
intention, the aim, the sense, that the author and writer himself wanted to
share with us.
The words I am talking about this time are citta-vrtti-nirodhah.
The translation i found lately on a leaflet had nothing to do with their true
meaning, but with concepts that say something else, talk about themselves and
force visions into some other path.
So i shall help you not to forget that even if we are able to force a wooden
ball into a cubic hole, this does not necessarily mean that the shape is in the
right place. We should use and respect the sound, the root, and the meaning of
the first language, rather than forcing it into our more comfortable view, even
if these concepts or words could pose us a serious problem, from a philosophical,
political, ideological, metaphysical, or paradoxical point of view.
This is the best explanation that I found for you, and as I have got so many
things to do at the moment, I will use this analysis written by a friend of
mine, to express in other words what i think. As the two opinions are similar,
so, I will use this explanation instead of using my own words convinced that no
matter what we do, if we are concentrating on ordering thins rather than
creating disorder, one day we will reach SAT YUGA without even knowing how many
efforts it took us to reach that stadium.
Silence repairs. Shhhhhhh
”Among the many marvelous gifts of the Sanskrit language is a rich spectrum of
terminology that defines with impeccable precision a world of vision and clarity
that opens through yoga and meditation. Without this, the already difficult
journey to self-knowledge could be much like a trip to a mountain retreat
without the benefit of a high speed vehicle traveling on roads with names. The
chanting of Sanskrit as preparation to meditation is the vehicle. It tunes the
body, mind and senses to a finer frequency and then provides the road map,
ancient truths concisely stated in exacting terms that glide through the mind
with a minimum of effort. The trip goes especially smoothly when absorbed in the
beautiful elegance of sound, chanted aloud or whispered silently within, giving
birth to meaning that points the way. Sanskrit, like anything else can turn into
a commuter’s monotony, where in spite of beautiful scenery, the driver has his
mind on other things. If it becomes mechanical, one can forget to look, or
listen. The definition of yoga that appears at the beginning of Patanjali’s Yoga
Sutras is a perfect example of terminology that is as technical with regard to
the process of yoga meditation as the mathematical equations that define the
behavior of atoms in the field of physics. For example: Yoga =
citta-vrtti-nirodhah is as fundamental to yoga as e = mc2 is to physics. Without
understanding the word “citta”, the equation can’t be grasped. There are no
English equivalents for citta. To substitute an English word like “mind” or
“mindstuff” makes a genuine understanding of yoga virtually inaccessible. To
leave the word citta as it is and make an enquiry into its meaning by
contemplating its use throughout the Yoga Sutra text leads to meaning as rich in
dimension as life itself. Citta is the individual life field, normally defined
by, but not limited to the parameters of the physical body. It consists of the
purest and subtlest form of matter/energy (sattva guna). Although any form of
recording, from film and tape to micro chips offers a metaphor for citta’s
capacity to record the infinitely complex multidimensional experience of life,
they are crude by comparison. On the one hand, it’s strange that we should be so
compelled to have the finest and the fastest means of recording impressions of
life through digital technology, when each of us already possesses an existing
system that no advancement in technology will ever be able to duplicate. On the
other hand, it’s likely that our obsession or passion for clarity and speed of
reproduction is based upon our great need — to experience and utilize our own
citta’s capacity in its pristine state to sense and record the finest and
subtlest experience that life has to offer. This use of citta is precisely what
yoga is all about from beginning to end. Citta is like a movie screen, in the
sense that when the movie is playing we’re not aware of the screen. The
difference being that while the screen remains the same size, citta can take the
form of anything from the smallest particle (paramanu) to an infinite magnitude
(parama-mahattva). Citta can be focused anywhere, in any location (dharana) and
sustained continuously in a single location (dhyana). This means that citta can
illuminate any form of matter or energy by taking its form, as if having no form
of its own. This is the meaning of the yoga term samadhi. Citta is everchanging.
From the perspective of Yoga its changes are viewed as a progression (krama)
consisting of linked moments or ksana, which measure the time it takes an atom
to move from one position to the next. The beginning of citta is unknown. Its
end point represents kaivalya perfect self-knowledge. Citta is programmable. It
behaves in whatever way it is programmed or habituated to to behave. If it is
not consciously directed it will conform to the activites (vrtti) that have
shaped it in the past (vrtti-sarupyam). This is very much like a default
selection. Thus, prior to yoga, changes in citta are programmed by habits;
physical habits, mental habits, sensory habits — all of which create repetitive
patterns of experience, some pleasurable, some painful, but all contributing to
a limited sense of self (citta being confined to the definition of the body). It
could be said that the changes occurring in citta are painfully slow. Yoga is a
process of terminating the habitual activities which have been seen to be
painful. This is referred to as nirodha, another term better left untranslated.
Of all the ways Patanjali could have defined yoga, he chose the word nirodha —
“yoga is nirodha”. Nirodha is the force that continuously purifies citta. I use
the word “force” in the sense of “force of habit”. Nirodha is the only force
greater than that of habit — specifically the habits that perpetuate citta in a
constricted and clouded state. Nirodha is the new program for citta, that
prevents the old from operating and reestablishing itself. It does so by two
means: 1. vigilance in keeping citta forcused (abhyasa) and 2. the full
awareness of one’s own power of choice to disconnect and free oneself from the
force of previous habits (vairagya). Nothing less than the combined power of
abhyasa and vairagya can establish the force of nirodha, and make it strong
enough to override the complex programming of self preservation and survival,
all the mechanisms an individual has developed to seemingly preserve security,
repeat pleasure, avoid pain and deny an inevitable death of one’s body. Since
the old program is based on millions of years of evolution it does not quit
easily. Yet, as long as I define my life by the lifetime of my body, I can’t and
won’t stop brooding over my own survival plan. In order to abandon it I must see
that it truly offers no hope for happiness or fulfillment. I must also have
something to replace it with. Here the gift of Sanskrit along with Patanjali’s
mastery in composing through that medium provides a vision of great clarity and
simplicity. The work itself is a guide book that provides all the necessary
insights and practices for replacing the old with the new. But more than
anything, the successful installation of the yoga model depends on understanding
the concept of citta, for it is the progression of citta that ultimately
replaces my former identity. As with the body, there is an end to the sequential
progress of citta. Since yoga is the process of consciously terminating
activities (vrtti) which define and limit citta, this process results in the
experience of citta in a purer and purer condition. When nirodha has become the
most powerful force in the progression of citta, inevitably a final nirodha
takes place. When this occurs, citta is in a pristine state, so pure that it can
only record its own purity. Its mission accomplished (krtartha), devoid of it’s
purpose of providing a field for the Self (purusartha-shunya), citta recedes
into a state of dormancy (pratiprasava) and then the power of pure awareness (citi-shakti)
abides in its own essential nature. The long journey of citta is fulfilled. The
stunning contrast between the two models is that whereas in the individual
survival program the end of the body is feared and held at bay, in the yoga
model, the wrapping up of the journey of citta is actively pursued, knowing that
the terminal point of citta represents freedom, kaivalyam.”
Now meditate in silence.
Etymological respect is something you should take care about.
by Amonakur