Zero means Everything

Lets see what happend to the meaning of one of the most mystical symbols we could find in mathematics, number zero. According to modern dictionaries, this little number means nothing.
Is it true or not? We shall investigate this topic today to find out what happened in the last 7 thousand years, and who may have changed its meaning, for personal purposes, naturally.

I shall compile here some of the standard translations and meanings, just to give you an idea, and then we will try to look for the sound itself, and proceed backwards towards the source meaning and original root.  

c.1600, from It. zero, from M.L. zephirum, from Arabic sifr "cipher," translation of Skt. sunya-m "empty place, desert, naught" (see cipher). A brief history of the invention of "zero" can be found here. Meaning "worthless person" is recorded from 1813. The verb zero in is 1944, from the noun, on the notion of instrument adjustments. Zero tolerance first recorded 1972, originally U.S. political in language.
History of Zero

Historical scientists categorize the types of number systems peoples use, much the same way philologists break down languages into "analytic," "agglutinative," "inflectional," etc.

The path that leads to the discovery of "0" lies only in the most advanced type of number system, which is called "positional" because the value of a character depends on its position. Our modern way of counting is positional. The base figure "5" has a different value in 514 and in 145, determined by its position.

The Romans, Greeks, Hebrews (and Aztecs and pre-Islamic Arabs and a great many others) used an "additive" system, which is fundamentally a transcription of counting. A Roman "V" meant "five" and that's all it could mean.

An additive system can develop into a positional one -- the abacus has a tendency to suggest the positional model -- but as far as we know, the positional concept has emerged in only four places: c.2000 B.C.E., in Babylon; around the start of the Common Era, in China; between the 4th and 9th centuries C.E. among the Mayan astronomer-priests; and in India.

Positional systems have certain features in common. One is that each base number is denoted by a discrete symbol, purely conventional and not a graphic representation of the number itself (i.e., not "four slashes" for "four," as the Greeks and Romans had). Imagine the scribal confusion if the Romans had tried to use positional mathematics with their numbering system: "423" would be IIII II III, while "342" would be III IIII II.

Another feature of positional number systems is that they lack special symbols for numbers which are orders of magnitude of the base number. Romans had a symbol for "10," and a separate symbol for "100" (10 x 10) and another for "1,000" (10 x 100) and so on. This is necessary in an additive system, for simplicity of notation and record-keeping, but it is incompatible with a positional system.

But think about the positional system. You come across a big stumbling block when you try to write a number like 2,002. For a Roman, that's no problem: MMII. But in a positional system, you have to find a way to indicate the absence of "tens" and "hundreds." You could leave a gap (the Babylonians did this at first), but that opens the door to more scribal errors, and anyway how do you indicate two gaps, as in 2,002?

It becomes necessary to have a "zero," a character that signifies "empty." Maybe not necessary, because the brilliant Chinese mathematicians somehow managed to run a positional system without making this discovery. The Babylonians (eventually), the Indians, and the Mayans did discover it, however.

But the next step, the true miracle moment, is to realize that that "symbol for nothing" that you're using is not just a place-holder, but an actual number: that "empty" and "nothing" are one. The null number is as real as "5" and "2,002" -- that's when the door blows open and the light blazes forth and numbers come alive. Without that, there's no modern mathematics, no algebra, no modern science.

And as far as we know, that has only happened once in human history, somewhere in India, in the intellectual flowering under the Gupta Dynasty, about the 6th century C.E. There was no "miracle moment," of course. It was a long, slow process.

The daunting realization, for heirs of "Western Civilization," is that the Greek and Roman cultures we revere were benighted mathematically, plodding along in the most primitive of number systems. But as champions of these cultures point out, we can admire their accomplishments all the more for that.

Some authorities, however, put up strong resistance to the theory of the Indian origin of modern mathematics. At first, they were mired in the same religion-based worldview that denied the Indo-European linguistic link: the number system simply had to be Hebrew in origin, because nothing else would comport with the Bible (so they thought). Later, however, resistance took refuge in unwillingness to concede cultural superiority to non-Western civilizations.

It does seem to be a glaring omission in the "Greek miracle." Historical scientists in the early part of the 20th century (such as G.R. Kaye, N. Bubnov, B. Carra de Vaux, etc.) argued strongly against an Indian origin, insisting the numbers evolved in ancient Greece, perhaps among neo-Pythagoreans, were taken to Alexandria, and from there spread to Rome and Spain in the west (from whence medieval Europe rediscovered them), and, via trade routes, to India in the east.

Among the many problems with this idea is the utter lack of documentary evidence for anything like a positional number system in Greece or Rome, and its requirement that we believe ancient people had made this wonderful practical discovery, yet did not put it to any use.

Speculation about a Greek origin of the ten "Arabic numerals" goes back to the 16th century in Europe. But before that, there are many sources in Europe and the pre-Islamic Levant that frankly attribute them to India. The earliest depiction of them in English, "The Crafte of Nombrynge" (c.1350), correctly identifies them as "teen figurys of Inde."

The Arabic sources, from the earliest times, refer to them as arqam al hind -- "figures from India" -- or some such name. The Muslims of that day, generally contemptuous of non-Islamic culture, had no problem conceding the invention of this number system to India.

In Etymology

The word "zero" came via French zéro from Venetian zero, which (together with cipher) came via Italian zefiro from Arabic صفر, ṣafira = "it was empty", ṣifr = "zero", "nothing".^[27]

In mathematics

Elementary algebra

The number 0 is the smallest non-negative integer. The natural number following 0 is 1 and no natural number precedes 0. The number 0 may or may not be considered a natural number, but it is a whole number and hence a rational number and a real number (as well as an algebraic number and a complex number).

The number 0 is neither positive nor negative and appears in the middle of a number line. It is neither a prime number nor a composite number. It cannot be prime because it has an infinite number of factors and cannot be composite because it cannot be expressed by multiplying prime numbers (0 must always be one of the factors).^[28] Zero is, however, even (see parity of zero).

The following are some basic (elementary) rules for dealing with the number 0. These rules apply for any real or complex number x, unless otherwise stated.

• Addition: x + 0 = 0 + x = x. That is, 0 is an identity element (or neutral element) with respect to addition.
• Subtraction: x − 0 = x and 0 − x = −x.
• Multiplication: x · 0 = 0 · x = 0.
• Division: ⁰⁄_x = 0, for nonzero x. But ^x⁄₀ is undefined, because 0 has no multiplicative inverse (no real number multiplied by 0 produces 1), a consequence of the previous rule; see division by zero.
• Exponentiation: x⁰ = ^x/_x = 1, except that the case x = 0 may be left undefined in some contexts; see Zero to the zero power. For all positive real x, 0^x = 0.

The expression ⁰⁄₀, which may be obtained in an attempt to determine the limit of an expression of the form ^f(x)⁄_g(x) as a result of applying the lim operator independently to both operands of the fraction, is a so-called "indeterminate form". That does not simply mean that the limit sought is necessarily undefined; rather, it means that the limit of ^f(x)⁄_g(x), if it exists, must be found by another method, such as l'Hôpital's rule.

The sum of 0 numbers is 0, and the product of 0 numbers is 1. The factorial 0! evaluates to 1.

Other branches of mathematics

• In set theory, 0 is the cardinality of the empty set: if one does not have any apples, then one has 0 apples. In fact, in certain axiomatic developments of mathematics from set theory, 0 is defined to be the empty set. When this is done, the empty set is the Von Neumann cardinal assignment for a set with no elements, which is the empty set. The cardinality function, applied to the empty set, returns the empty set as a value, thereby assigning it 0 elements.
• Also in set theory, 0 is the lowest ordinal number, corresponding to the empty set viewed as a well-ordered set.
• In propositional logic, 0 may be used to denote the truth value false.
• In abstract algebra, 0 is commonly used to denote a zero element, which is a neutral element for addition (if defined on the structure under consideration) and an absorbing element for multiplication (if defined).
• In lattice theory, 0 may denote the bottom element of a bounded lattice.
• In category theory, 0 is sometimes used to denote an initial object of a category.
• In recursion theory, 0 can be used to denote the Turing degree of the partial computable functions.

Related mathematical terms

• A zero of a function f is a point x in the domain of the function such that f(x) = 0. When there are finitely many zeros these are called the roots of the function. See also zero (complex analysis) for zeros of a holomorphic function.
• The zero function (or zero map) on a domain D is the constant function with 0 as its only possible output value, i.e., the function f defined by f(x) = 0 for all x in D. A particular zero function is a zero morphism in category theory; e.g., a zero map is the identity in the additive group of functions. The determinant on non-invertible square matrices is a zero map.
• Several branches of mathematics have zero elements, which generalise either the property 0 + x = x, or the property 0 × x = 0, or both.

In science

Physics

The value zero plays a special role for many physical quantities. For some quantities, the zero level is naturally distinguished from all other levels, whereas for others it is more or less arbitrarily chosen. For example, on the Kelvin temperature scale, zero is the coldest possible temperature (negative temperatures exist but are not actually colder), whereas on the Celsius scale, zero is arbitrarily defined to be at the freezing point of water. Measuring sound intensity in decibels or phons, the zero level is arbitrarily set at a reference value—for example, at a value for the threshold of hearing. In physics, the zero-point energy is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical physical system may possess and is the energy of the ground state of the system.

Chemistry

Zero has been proposed as the atomic number of the theoretical element tetraneutron. It has been shown that a cluster of four neutrons may be stable enough to be considered an atom in its own right. This would create an element with no protons and no charge on its nucleus.

As early as 1926, Professor Andreas von Antropoff coined the term neutronium for a conjectured form of matter made up of neutrons with no protons, which he placed as the chemical element of atomic number zero at the head of his new version of the periodic table. It was subsequently placed as a noble gas in the middle of several spiral representations of the periodic system for classifying the chemical elements.

In computer science

The most common practice throughout human history has been to start counting at one, and this is the practice in early classic computer science programming languages such as Fortran and COBOL. However, in the late 1950s LISP introduced zero-based numbering for arrays while Algol 58 introduced completely flexible basing for array subscripts (allowing any positive, negative, or zero integer as base for array subscripts), and most subsequent programming languages adopted one or other of these positions. For example, the elements of an array are numbered starting from 0 in C, so that for an array of n items the sequence of array indices runs from 0 to n−1. This permits an array element's location to be calculated by adding the index directly to address of the array, whereas 1 based languages precalculate the array's base address to be the position one element before the first.

There can be confusion between 0 and 1 based indexing, for example Java's JDBC indexes parameters from 1 although Java itself uses 0-based indexing.

In databases, it is possible for a field not to have a value. It is then said to have a null value. For numeric fields it is not the value zero. For text fields this is not blank nor the empty string. The presence of null values leads to three-valued logic. No longer is a condition either true or false, but it can be undetermined. Any computation including a null value delivers a null result. Asking for all records with value 0 or value not equal 0 will not yield all records, since the records with value null are excluded.

A null pointer is a pointer in a computer program that does not point to any object or function. In C, the integer constant 0 is converted into the null pointer at compile time when it appears in a pointer context, and so 0 is a standard way to refer to the null pointer in code. However, the internal representation of the null pointer may be any bit pattern (possibly different values for different data types).

In mathematics − 0 = 0 = + 0, both −0 and +0 represent exactly the same number, i.e., there is no "negative zero" distinct from zero. In some signed number representations (but not the two's complement representation used to represent integers in most computers today) and most floating point number representations, zero has two distinct representations, one grouping it with the positive numbers and one with the negatives; this latter representation is known as negative zero.

·  (irrelevant amount): bugger all, nada, naught, nil, nothing, nought, nowt, null, sod all, sweet FA, sweet Fanny Adams, zilch, zip

·  (person of little importance): cipher, nobody, nonentity

·  (value of a function’s variables at zero): root

zero: circa 1600, (either from Middle Latin zephirum, or French zéro or its source Italian zero, for *zefiro) in any case from Arabic sifr "cipher", itself a translation of Sanskrit śūnya "empty place, desert, naught".

• cipher: late 14th century, from Arabic sifr, "zero", literally "empty, nothing", from safara "to be empty", loan-translation of Sanskrit śūnya "empty". The word "cipher" came to Europe with Arabic numerals. Originally meant "zero", then "any numeral", then (c. 1520s) "coded message". OED: "The Arabic was simply a translation of the Sanskrit name śūnya, literally ‘empty’."
• nought: variant of naught which means "nothing". The meaning of "zero, cipher" is only from the early 15th century. (?c1425 Crafte Nombrynge in R. Steele The Earliest Arithmetics in English. (1922) 20: "A 0 is noȝt, And twyes noȝt is but noȝt.")

So these sources seem to agree that:

• In Sanskrit, the word for "empty" (śūnya) was used for zero.
• Correspondingly when translating into Arabic, the word sifr based on the word safara, meaning "to be empty", was used for zero.
• For the number in English, cipher and zero were imported from Arabic, but also, similar to the passing from Sanskrit to Arabic, the existing word for "nothing" (nought) was used.

The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India where by the 9th century AD practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division. The Indian scholar Pingala (circa 5th-2nd century BC) used binary numbers in the form of short and long syllables (the latter equal in length to two short syllables), making it similar to Morse code.  He and his contemporary Indian scholars used the Sanskrit word śūnya to refer to zero or void.

however it does not say Indians discovered it, it does says they were the practical users

The word "zero" came via French zéro from Venetian zero, which (together with cipher) came via Italian zefiro from Arabic صفر, ṣafira = "it was empty", ṣifr = "zero", "nothing".

Mmmmmmmhhh  mmmmmmmmmhhh mmmmmmmmhhhh

In suppose that Chinese language as well using LING word as a zero concept, has been forced into this translation, ( and here, we can find again another completely different root and sound. Gosh, what a copy paste bad job they made ). An take a look at the use of the compound ground zero, interesting enough to say that it was created in 1946, originally with reference to atomic blasts. In reference to the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attack on New York, it was in use by Sept. 13. I love when they mix up things and do not even remember when they started to use them or forgot to erase them from documents and files.

0 (zero) is both a number and a numerical digit used to represent that number in numerals. As a number, zero means nothing—an absence of other values. It plays a central role in mathematics as the identity element of the integers, real numbers, and many other algebraic structures. As a digit, zero is used as a placeholder in place value systems. Historically, it was the last digit to come into use. In the English language, zero may also be called nil when a number, o/oh when a numeral, and nought/naught in either context.

0 as a number

0 is the integer that precedes the positive 1, and follows −1. In most (if not all) numerical systems, 0 was identified before the idea of 'negative integers' was accepted.

Zero is an integer which quantifies a count or an amount of null size; that is, if the number of your brothers is zero, that means the same thing as having no brothers, and if something has a weight of zero, it has no weight. If the difference between the number of pieces in two piles is zero, it means the two piles have an equal number of pieces. Before counting starts, the result can be assumed to be zero; that is the number of items counted before you count the first item and counting the first item brings the result to one. And if there are no items to be counted, zero remains the final result.

While mathematicians all accept zero as a number, some non-mathematicians would say that zero is not a number, arguing one cannot have zero of something. Others hold that if you have a bank balance of zero, you have a specific quantity of money in your account, namely none. It is that latter view which is accepted by mathematicians and most others.

Almost all historians omit the year zero from the proleptic Gregorian and Julian calendars, but astronomers include it in these same calendars. However, the phrase Year Zero may be used to describe any event considered so significant that it virtually starts a new time reckoning.

0 as a numeral

The modern numeral 0 is normally written as a circle or (rounded) rectangle. In old-style fonts with text figures, 0 is usually the same height as a lowercase x.

On the seven-segment displays of calculators, watches, etc., 0 is usually written with six line segments, though on some historical calculator models it was written with four line segments. This variant glyph has not caught on.

It is important to distinguish the number zero (as in the "zero brothers" example above) from the numeral or digit zero, used in numeral systems using positional notation. Successive positions of digits have higher values, so the digit zero is used to skip a position and give appropriate value to the preceding and following digits. A zero digit is not always necessary in a positional number system: bijective numeration provides a possible counterexample.

Etymology

The word zero comes through the Arabic literal translation of the Sanskrit śūnya ( शून्य ), meaning void or empty, into ṣifr (صفر) meaning empty or vacant. Through transliteration this became zephyr or zephyrus in Latin. The word zephyrus already meant "west wind" in Latin; the proper noun Zephyrus was the Roman god of the west wind (after the Greek god Zephyros). With its new use for the concept of zero, zephyr came to mean a light breeze—"an almost nothing."^[1] This became zefiro in Italian, which was contracted to zero in Venetian, giving the modern English word.

As the Hindu decimal zero and its new mathematics spread from the Arab world to Europe in the Middle Ages, words derived from sifr and zephyrus came to refer to calculation, as well as to privileged knowledge and secret codes. According to Ifrah, "in thirteenth-century Paris, a 'worthless fellow' was called a… cifre en algorisme, i.e., an 'arithmetical nothing.'"^[1] The Arabic root gave rise to the modern French chiffre, which means digit, figure, or number; chiffrer, to calculate or compute; and chiffré, encrypted; as well as to the English word cipher. Below are some more examples:

Here are the words used to express this concepts in different languages:

• Arabic: Sifr
• Czech/Slovak: cifra, digit; šifra, cypher
• Danish: ciffer, digit
• Dutch: cijfer, digit
• French: zéro, zero
• German: Ziffer, digit, figure, numeral, cypher
• Hindi: shunya
• Hungarian: nulla
• Italian: cifra, digit, numeral, cypher; zero, zero
• Kannada: sonne
• Norwegian: siffer, digit, numeral, cypher; null, zero
• Persian: Sefr
• Polish: cyfra, digit; szyfrować, to encrypt; zero, zero
• Portuguese: cifra, figure, numeral, cypher, code; zero, zero
• Russian: цифра (tsifra), digit, numeral; шифр (shifr) cypher, code
• Slovenian: cifra, digit
• Spanish: cifra, figure, numeral, cypher, code; cero, zero
• Swedish: siffra, numeral, sum, digit; chiffer, cypher
• Serbian: цифра (tsifra), digit, numeral; шифра (shifra) cypher, code; нула (nula), zero
• Turkish: Sıfır
• Urdu: Sifer, Anda, Zero

Where we can find two different root as you may see: the “zevir, cifra, cipher” class sound and the shuniat sonne, class one. Note that zero in Greek is translated as Μηδέν (Mèden). Ops…

History

Early history of zero

By the mid 2nd millennium B.C.E., the Babylonians had a sophisticated sexagesimal (base-60) positional numeral system. The lack of a positional value (or zero) was indicated by a space between sexagesimal numerals. By 300 B.C.E. a punctuation symbol (two slanted wedges) was co-opted as a placeholder in the same Babylonian system. In a tablet unearthed at Kish (dating from perhaps as far back as 700 B.C.E.), the scribe Bêl-bân-aplu wrote his zeroes with three hooks, rather than two slanted wedges.^[2]

The Babylonian placeholder was not a true zero because it was not used alone. Nor was it used at the end of a number. Thus numbers like 2 and 120 (2×60), 3 and 180 (3×60), 4 and 240 (4×60), etc. looked the same because the larger numbers lacked a final sexagesimal placeholder. Only context could differentiate them.

Records show that the ancient Greeks seemed unsure about the status of zero as a number: they asked themselves "How can nothing be something?," leading to interesting philosophical and, by the Medieval period, religious arguments about the nature and existence of zero and the vacuum. The paradoxes of Zeno of Elea depend in large part on the uncertain interpretation of zero. (The ancient Greeks even questioned that 1 was a number.)

Early use of something like zero by the Indian scholar Pingala (circa 5th-2nd century B.C.E.), implied at first glance by his use of binary numbers, is only the modern binary representation using 0 and 1 applied to Pingala's binary system, which used short and long syllables (the latter equal in length to two short syllables), making it similar to Morse code.^[3][4] Nevertheless, he and other Indian scholars at the time used the Sanskrit word śūnya (the origin of the word zero after a series of transliterations and a literal translation) to refer to zero or void.

The back of Stela C from Tres Zapotes, an Olmec archaeological site
This is the second oldest Long Count date yet discovered. The numerals 7.16.6.16.18 translate to September 32 B.C.E. (Julian). The glyphs surrounding the date are what is thought to be one of the few surviving examples of Epi-Olmec script.

History of zero

The Long Count calendar developed in south-central Mexico required the use of zero as a place-holder within its vigesimal (base-20) positional numeral system. A shell glyph—  —was used as a zero symbol for these Long Count dates, the earliest of which (on Stela 2 at Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas) has a date of 36 B.C.E. Since the eight earliest Long Count dates appear outside the Maya homeland,^[6] it is assumed that the use of zero in the Americas predated the Maya and was possibly the invention of the Olmecs. Indeed, many of the earliest Long Count dates were found within the Olmec heartland, although the fact that the Olmec civilization had come to an end by the fourth century B.C.E., several centuries before the earliest known Long Count dates, argues against the zero being an Olmec invention.

Although zero became an integral part of Maya numerals, it of course did not influence Old World numeral systems.

By 130 C.E., Ptolemy, influenced by Hipparchus and the Babylonians, was using a symbol for zero (a small circle with a long overbar) within a sexagesimal numeral system otherwise using alphabetic Greek numerals. Because it was used alone, not just as a placeholder, this Hellenistic zero was perhaps the first documented use of a number zero in the Old World. However, the positions were usually limited to the fractional part of a number (called minutes, seconds, thirds, fourths, etc.)—they were not used for the integral part of a number.

Another zero was used in tables alongside Roman numerals by 525 (first known use by Dionysius Exiguus), but as a word, nulla, meaning nothing, not as a symbol. When division produced zero as a remainder, nihil, also meaning nothing, was used. These medieval zeros were used by all future medieval computists (calculators of Easter). An isolated use of their initial, N, was used in a table of Roman numerals by Bede or a colleague about 725, as a zero symbol.

The oldest known text to use zero is the Jain text from India entitled the Lokavibhaaga, dated 458 C.E. ^[7]

The first indubitable appearance of a symbol for zero appears in 876 in India on a stone tablet in Gwalior. Documents on copper plates, with the same small o in them, dated back as far as the sixth century C.E. abound.^[8]

Rules of Brahmagupta

The rules governing the use of zero appeared for the first time in the book Brahmasputha Siddhanta written in 628 by Brahmagupta (598-670). Here, Brahmagupta considers not only zero but also negative numbers, and the algebraic rules for the elementary operations of arithmetic with such numbers. In some instances, his rules differ from the modern standard. Brahamagupta's rules are given below:^[9]

• The sum of two positive quantities is positive
• The sum of two negative quantities is negative
• The sum of zero and a negative number is negative
• The sum of a positive number and zero is positive
• The sum of zero and zero is zero
• The sum of a positive and a negative is their difference; or, if they are equal, zero
• In subtraction, the less is to be taken from the greater, positive from positive
• In subtraction, the less is to be taken from the greater, negative from negative
• When the greater however, is subtracted from the less, the difference is reversed
• When positive is to be subtracted from negative, and negative from positive, they must be added together
• The product of a negative quantity and a positive quantity is negative
• The product of a negative quantity and a negative quantity is positive
• The product of two positive, is positive
• Positive divided by positive or negative by negative is positive
• Positive divided by negative is negative. Negative divided by positive is negative
• A positive or negative number when divided by zero is a fraction with the zero as denominator
• Zero divided by a negative or positive number is either zero or is expressed as a fraction with zero as numerator and the finite quantity as denominator
• Zero divided by zero is zero

In saying "zero divided by zero is zero," Brahmagupta differs from the modern position. Mathematicians normally do not assign a value, whereas computers and calculators will sometimes assign NaN, which means "not a number." Moreover, non-zero positive or negative numbers when divided by zero are either assigned no value, or a value of unsigned infinity, positive infinity, or negative infinity. Once again, these assignments are not numbers, and are associated more with computer science than pure mathematics, where in most contexts no assignment is made. (See division by zero)

Zero as a decimal digit

See also: History of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.

Positional notation without the use of zero (using an empty space in tabular arrangements, or the word kha "emptiness") is known to have been in use in India from the sixth century. The earliest certain use of zero as a decimal positional digit dates to the ninth century. The glyph for the zero digit was written in the shape of a dot, and consequently called bindu "dot."

The Hindu-Arabic numeral system reached Europe in the eleventh century, via the Iberian Peninsula through Spanish Muslims the Moors, together with knowledge of astronomy and instruments like the astrolabe, first imported by Gerbert of Aurillac (c. 940-1003). They came to be known as "Arabic numerals." The Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa (c. 1170-1250), also called Fibonacci,* was instrumental in bringing the system into European mathematics in 1202. Here, Leonardo states:

There, following my introduction, as a consequence of marvelous instruction in the art, to the nine digits of the Hindus, the knowledge of the art very much appealed to me before all others, and for it I realized that all its aspects were studied in Egypt, Syria, Greece, Sicily, and Provence, with their varying methods… But all this even, and the algorism, as well as the art of Pythagoras, I considered as almost a mistake in respect to the method of the Hindus. (Modus Indorum)… The nine Indian figures are: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. With these nine figures, and with the sign 0 … any number may be written.

Here Leonardo of Pisa uses the word sign "0," indicating it is like a sign to do operations like addition or multiplication, but he did not recognize zero as a number in its own right.

In mathematics

Elementary algebra

Zero (0) is the lowest non-negative integer. The natural number following zero is one and no natural number precedes zero. Zero may or may not be counted as a natural number, depending on the definition of natural numbers.

In set theory, the number zero is the cardinality of the empty set: if one does not have any apples, then one has zero apples. Therefore, in some cases, zero is defined to be the empty set.

Zero is neither positive nor negative, neither a prime number nor a composite number, nor is it a unit.

The following are some basic rules for dealing with the number zero. These rules apply for any complex number x, unless otherwise stated.

• Addition: x + 0 = 0 + x = x. (That is, 0 is an identity element with respect to addition.)
• Subtraction: x − 0 = x and 0 − x = − x.
• Multiplication: x · 0 = 0 · x = 0.
• Division: 0 / x = 0, for nonzero x. But x / 0 is undefined, because 0 has no multiplicative inverse, a consequence of the previous rule. For positive x, as y in x / y approaches zero from positive values, its quotient increases toward positive infinity, but as y approaches zero from negative values, the quotient increases toward negative infinity. The different quotients confirms that division by zero is undefined.
• Exponentiation: x⁰ = 1, except that the case x = 0 may be left undefined in some contexts. For all positive real x, 0^x = 0.
• The sum of 0 numbers is 0, and the product of 0 numbers is 1.

The expression "0/0" is an "indeterminate form." That does not simply mean that it is undefined; rather, it means that if f(x) and g(x) both approach 0 as x approaches some number, then f(x)/g(x) could approach any finite number or ∞ or −∞; it depends on which functions f and g are. See L'Hopital's rule.

Extended use of zero in mathematics

• Zero is the identity element in an additive group or the additive identity of a ring.
• A zero of a function is a point in the domain of the function whose image under the function is zero. When there are finitely many zeros these are called the roots of the function. See zero (complex analysis).
• In geometry, the dimension of a point is 0.
• The concept of "almost" impossible in probability. More generally, the concept of almost nowhere in measure theory. For instance: if one chooses a point on a unit line interval [0,1) at random, it is not impossible to choose 0.5 exactly, but the probability that you will is zero.
• A zero function (or zero map) is a constant function with 0 as its only possible output value; i.e., f(x) = 0 for all x defined. A particular zero function is a zero morphism in category theory; e.g., a zero map is the identity in the additive group of functions. The determinant on non-invertible square matrices is a zero map.
• Zero is one of three possible return values of the Möbius function. Passed an integer of the form x² or x²y (for x > 1), the Möbius function returns zero.
• Zero is the first Perrin number.

In science

Physics

The value zero plays a special role for a large number of physical quantities. For some quantities, the zero level is naturally distinguished from all other levels, whereas for others it is more or less arbitrarily chosen. For example, on the Kelvin temperature scale, zero is the coldest possible temperature (negative temperatures exist but are not actually colder), whereas on the Celsius scale, zero is arbitrarily defined to be at the freezing point of water. Measuring sound intensity in decibels or phons, the zero level is arbitrarily set at a reference value—for example, at a value for the threshold of hearing.

Chemistry

Zero has been proposed as the atomic number of the theoretical element tetraneutronium. It has been shown that a cluster of four neutrons may be stable enough to be considered an atom in their own right. This would create an element with no protons and no charge on its nucleus.

As early as 1926 Professor Andreas von Antropoff coined the term neutronium for a conjectured form of matter made up of neutrons with no protons, which he placed as the chemical element of atomic number zero at the head of his new version of the periodic table. It was subsequently placed as a noble gas in the middle of several spiral representations of the periodic system for classifying the chemical elements. It is at the center of the Chemical Galaxy (2005).

In computer science

Numbering from 1 or 0?

The most common practice throughout human history has been to start counting at one. Nevertheless, in computer science zero has become the standard starting point. For example, in almost all old programming languages, an array starts from 1 by default. As programming languages have developed, it has become more common that an array starts from zero by default, the "first" item in the array being item 0. In particular, the popularity of the programming language "C" in the 1980s has made this approach common.

One reason for this convention is that modular arithmetic normally describes a set of N numbers as containing 0,1,2,… N-1 in order to contain the additive identity. Because of this, many arithmetic concepts (such as hash tables) are less elegant to express in code unless the array starts at zero.

In certain cases, counting from zero improves the efficiency of various algorithms, such as in searching or sorting arrays. Improved efficiency means that the algorithm takes either less time, less resources, or both, to complete a given task.

This situation can lead to some confusion in terminology. In a zero-based indexing scheme, the first element is "element number zero"; likewise, the twelfth element is "element number eleven." Therefore, an analogy from the ordinal numbers to the quantity of objects numbered appears; the highest index of n objects will be (n-1) and referred to the n:th element. For this reason, the first element is often referred to as the zeroth element to eliminate any possible doubt.

Null value

In databases a field can have a null value. This is equivalent to the field not having a value. For numeric fields it is not the value zero. For text fields this is not blank nor the empty string. The presence of null values leads to three-valued logic. No longer is a condition either true or false, but it can be undetermined. Any computation including a null value delivers a null result. Asking for all records with value 0 or value not equal 0 will not yield all records, since the records with value null are excluded.

Null pointer

A null pointer is a pointer in a computer program that does not point to any object or function, which means that when it appears in a program or code, it tells the computer to take no action on the associated portion of the code.

Negative zero

In some signed number representations (but not the two's complement representation predominant today) and most floating point number representations, zero has two distinct representations, one grouping it with the positive numbers and one with the negatives; this latter representation is known as negative zero. Representations with negative zero can be troublesome, because the two zeros will compare equal but may be treated differently by some operations.

Distinguishing zero from O

The oval-shaped zero and circular letter O together came into use on modern character displays. The zero with a dot in the center seems to have originated as an option on IBM 3270 controllers (this has the problem that it looks like the Greek letter Theta). The slashed zero, looking identical to the letter O other than the slash, is used in old-style ASCII graphic sets descended from the default typewheel on the venerable ASR-33 Teletype. This format causes problems because of its similarity to the symbol ∅, representing the empty set, as well as for certain Scandinavian languages which use Ø as a letter.

The convention which has the letter O with a slash and the zero without was used at IBM and a few other early mainframe makers; this is even more problematic for Scandinavians because it means two of their letters collide. Some Burroughs/Unisys equipment displays a zero with a reversed slash. And yet another convention common on early line printers left zero unornamented but added a tail or hook to the letter-O so that it resembled an inverted Q or cursive capital letter-O.

The typeface used on some European number plates for cars distinguish the two symbols by making the zero rather egg-shaped and the O more circular, but most of all by slitting open the zero on the upper right side, so the circle is not closed any more (as in German plates). The typeface chosen is called fälschungserschwerende Schrift (abbr.: FE Schrift), meaning "unfalsifiable script." Note that those used in the United Kingdom do not differentiate between the two as there can never be any ambiguity if the design is correctly spaced.

In paper writing one may not distinguish the 0 and O at all, or may add a slash across it in order to show the difference, although this sometimes causes ambiguity in regard to the symbol for the null set.

Quotes

The importance of the creation of the zero mark can never be exaggerated. This giving to airy nothing, not merely a local habitation and a name, a picture, a symbol, but helpful power, is the characteristic of the Hindu race from whence it sprang. It is like coining the Nirvana into dynamos. No single mathematical creation has been more potent for the general on-go of intelligence and power. G. B. Halsted

…a profound and important idea which appears so simple to us now that we ignore its true merit. But its very simplicity and the great ease which it lent to all computations put our arithmetic in the first rank of useful inventions. Pierre-Simon Laplace

The point about zero is that we do not need to use it in the operations of daily life. No one goes out to buy zero fish. It is in a way the most civilized of all the cardinals, and its use is only forced on us by the needs of cultivated modes of thought. Alfred North Whitehead

…a fine and wonderful refuge of the divine spirit—almost an amphibian between being and non-being. Gottfried Leibniz

In other fields

International maritime signal flag for 0

• In some countries, dialing 0 on a telephone places a call for operator assistance.
• In Braille, the numeral 0 has the same dot configuration as the letter J.
• DVDs that can be played in any region are sometimes referred to as being "region 0"
• In classical music, 0 is very rarely used as a number for a composition, the only two examples on the fringes of the standard repertoire probably being Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 0 in D minor and Alfred Schnittke's Symphony No. 0
• In tarot, card No. 0 is the Fool

Ok so lets go back to languages to see if someone diverted this concept too, in the attempt to transform it into a null meaning, or mere operational quantity not disconnecting it from any other possible meaning. 

Looking for the Typos:

• zwro
• zsro
• zdro
• zfro
• zrro
• zro
• zeri
• zerk
• zerl
• zerp
• zer
• zeeo
• zedo
• zefo
• zego
• zeto
• zeo
• aero
• sero
• xero
• ero

Here are some Anagrams for cabalistic  and sound analysis

• roez
• eroz
• ezor
• zoer
• zero
• zreo
• rezo
• ozre
• eozr
• ozer
• rzoe
• roze
• zeor
• oerz
• oezr
• orez
• ezro
• reoz
• zroe
• eorz
• rzeo
• zore
• erzo
• orze

·         ze·ro  (zîr, zr)

·         n. pl. ze·ros or ze·roes

·         1. The numerical symbol 0; a cipher.

·         2. Mathematics

·         a. The identity element for addition.

·         b. A cardinal number indicating the absence of any or all units under consideration.

·         c. An ordinal number indicating an initial point or origin.

·         d. An argument at which the value of a function vanishes.

·         3. The temperature indicated by the numeral 0 on a thermometer.

·         4. A sight setting that enables a firearm to shoot on target.

·         5. Informal One having no influence or importance; a nonentity: a manager who was a total zero.

·         6. The lowest point: His prospects were approaching zero.

·         7. A zero-coupon bond.

·         8. Informal Nothing; nil: Today I accomplished zero.

·         adj.

·         1. Of, relating to, or being zero.

·         2.

·         a. Having no measurable or otherwise determinable value.

·         b. Informal Absent, inoperative, or irrelevant in specified circumstances: "The town has . . . practically no opportunities for amusement, zero culture" (Robert M. Adams).

·         3. Meteorology

·         a. Designating a ceiling not more than 16 meters (52 feet) high.

·         b. Limited in horizontal visibility to no more than 55 meters (180 feet).

·         4. Linguistics Of or relating to a morpheme that is expected by an established, regular paradigm but has no spoken or written form. Moose has a zero plural; that is, its plural is moose.

·         tr.v. ze·roed, ze·ro·ing, ze·roes

·         To adjust (an instrument or a device) to zero value.

·         Phrasal Verbs:

·         zero in

·         1.

·         a. To aim or concentrate firepower on an exact target location.

·         b. To adjust the aim or sight of by repeated firings.

·         2. To converge intently; close in: The children zeroed in on the display of toys in the store window.

·         zero out

·         1. To eliminate (a budget or budget item) by cutting off funding.

·         2. To reduce to zero.

Lets see what dictionaries say about Zero

[zeer-oh]

ze·ro  [zeer-oh] Show IPA noun, plural -ros, -roes, verb, -roed, -ro·ing, adjective

noun

1.

the figure or symbol 0, which in the Arabic notation for numbers stands for the absence of quantity; cipher.

2.

the origin of any kind of measurement; line or point from which all divisions of a scale, as a thermometer, are measured in either a positive or a negative direction.

3.

a mathematical value intermediate between positive and negative values.

4.

naught; nothing.

5.

the lowest point or degree.

verb (used with object)

10.

to adjust (an instrument or apparatus) to a zero point or to an arbitrary reading from which all other readings are to be measured.

11.

to reduce to zero.

12.

Slang. to kill (a congressional bill, appropriation, etc.): The proposed tax increase has been zeroed for the time being.

adjective

13.

amounting to zero: a zero score.

14.

having no measurable quantity or magnitude; not any: zero economic growth.

15.

Linguistics. noting a hypothetical morphological element that is posited as existing by analogy with a regular pattern of inflection or derivation in a language, but is not represented by any sequence of phonological elements: the zero allomorph of “-ed” in “cut”; “Deer” has a zero plural.

16.

Meteorology.

a.

(of an atmospheric ceiling) pertaining to or limiting vertical visibility to 50 feet (15.2 meters) or less.

b.

of, pertaining to, or limiting horizontal visibility to 165 feet (50.3 meters) or less.

17.

Finance. zero-coupon.

Verb phrases

19.

zero in, to aim (a rifle, etc.) at the precise center or range of a target.

20.

zero in on,

a.

to aim directly at (a target).

b.

to direct one's attention to; focus on; concentrate on.

c.

to converge on; close in on.

Origin:
1595–1605; < Italian < Medieval Latin zephirum < Arabic ṣifr cipher ( they never agree on dates, wow )

Link To Zero

Related Words for : Zero

Collins

This one was from the Collins English Dictionary

Thos is from Etymonline

Word Origin & History

zero

1604, from It. zero, from M.L. zephirum, from Arabic sifr "cipher," translation of Skt. sunya-m "empty place, desert, naught" (see cipher). A brief history of the invention of "zero" can be found here. Meaning "worthless person"

Online Etymology Dictionary

 This from Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary

ze·ro definition

Pronunciation: /ˈzē-(ˌ)rō, ˈzi(ə)r-(ˌ)ō/
Function: n
plzeros; alsozeroes; 1 : the arithmetical symbol 0 or {zeronull} denoting the absence of all magnitude or quantity
2 a : the point of departure in reckoning
specifically : the point from which the graduation of a scale (as of a thermometer) begins
b : the temperature represented by the zero mark on a thermometer

Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary

This is the American Heritage one

zero ze·ro (zēr'ō, zē'rō)
n. pl. ze·ros or ze·roes

1.      The numerical symbol 0, indicating the absence of quantity or mass.

2.      The temperature indicated by the numeral 0 on a thermometer.

v.
To adjust an instrument or a device to zero value.

The American Heritage

This one from Science Dictionary

The American Heritage

This from the Slang Dictionary

Dictionary of American Slang

This one from the  FOLDOC Computing Dictionary

ZERO definition

1. 0, ASCI character 48. Numeric zero, as opposed to the letter "O" (the 15th letter of the English alphabet). In their unmodified forms they look a lot alike, and various kluges invented to make them visually distinct have compounded the confusion.
If your zero is centre-dotted and letter-O is not, or if letter-O looks almost rectangular but zero looks more like an American football stood on end (or the reverse), you're probably looking at a modern character display (though the dotted zero seems to have originated as an option on IBM 3270 controllers). If your zero is slashed but letter-O is not, you're probably looking at an old-style ASCII graphic set descended from the default typewheel on the venerable ASR-33 Teletype (Scandinavians, for whom slashed-O is a letter, curse this arrangement).
If letter-O has a slash across it and the zero does not, your display is tuned for a very old convention used at IBM and a few other early mainframe makers (Scandinavians curse *this* arrangement even more, because it means two of their letters collide). Some Burroughs/Unisys equipment displays a zero with a *reversed* slash. And yet another convention common on early line printers left zero unornamented but added a tail or hook to the letter-O so that it resembled an inverted Q or cursive capital letter-O.
[Jargon File]
(1995-01-24)
2. To set to zero. Usually said of small pieces of data, such as bits or words (especially in the construction "zero out").
3. To erase; to discard all data from. Said of disks and directories, where "zeroing" need not involve actually writing zeroes throughout the area being zeroed. One may speak of something being "logically zeroed" rather than being "physically zeroed".
See scribble.
(1999-02-07)

The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing

This word was introduced my Iacopo in 1307, who writes that zeuero means nothing, and in 1340 another writer says that Greeks  call this symbol chiper.

I must go back to Sanskrit now, before I start to become nervous…..
I said that the root sound was “cipher” or “sifr”, “zevir”, “savir sound”, so I will look for the “root sound words” to see if they express the meaning we know. ( Nothing, void, naught ). Now we shall compare the meanings of words, compounds etc… found in Sanskrit, Indian language, to see if all this makes sense. Savir root:   

 

                              We found something, ok, so let’s see what they use to say zero:

शून्य zUnya n. zero edit प्रकेवल शून्य prakevala zUnya n. absolute zero  [ Phys. ] edit बिन्दु bindu m. zero or cypher edit शुन्य-विभ्रम-शोधन zunya-vibhrama-zodhana n. correcting for zero error 

Wow, a completely different root.  I remember that in Greek the sound “dzj” “dj” meant something like un separable, Dza  in greek is a prefix that means inseparable, in the common sense of ONE, entire, whole… that unites everything, and could be drawn with a simple pictogram of a big O, even to express the meaning of Sky, considering the totality of creation.
What’s happened then? .

I shall look for sky in Sanskrit then:

नभ nabha m. sky edit आकाशं पश्य AkAzaM pazya phrase look at the sky edit विहायस् vihAyas adj. sky  द्यु dyu f. sky     द्यो dyo f. sky   घनपदवी ghanapadavI f. sky    सोमधारा somadhArA f. sky edit व्योमन् vyoman m. sky    सुम suma m. sky     सूम sUma m. sky     सुरपथ surapatha m. sky edit अध्वन् adhvan m. sky edit अभ्रपथ abhrapatha m. sky edit ऊम Uma m. sky edit तारापथ tArApatha m. sky edit दिद्यु didyu m. sky edit द्राप drApa m. sky edit धृत्वन् dhRtvan m. sky edit नभस nabhasa m. sky edit नाक nAka m. sky and going back to zavir, i find    विश्व vizva n. whole world in the meaning of whole, and the sound    सर्वे sarve pl. all,
सर्वविध sarvavidha adj. all kinds of edit सर्वदा sarvadA indecl. at all times  which are something more that nothing.

Looking for the word zavir ( zero ) in sanskrit, we shall write savir, as letter Z grapheme is not included in Sanskrit alphabet, or try to re create the sound with a couple of letters like dj, tsd, ds, ts, tj, etc… to see if words and compounds of similar sounds could mean “whole, or totality”, like Sky, which is symbolized in written language by a circle, O WITH THE VALUE OFF ALL, EVERYTHING, AND NOT NOTHING, OR ZERO AS SO MANY TRANSLATED in modern dictionaries.

SVAIR ROOT:

स्वैर svaira adj. independent edit स्वैर svaira adj. voluntary edit स्वैर svaira adj. optional edit स्वैर svaira adj. walking slowly or cautiously edit स्वैर svaira adj. self-willed edit स्वैर svaira adj. wilful edit स्वैर svaira adj. doing what one likes edit स्वैर svaira adj. going where one likes edit स्वैर svaira adj. unrestrained edit स्वैर svaira n. confidingly edit स्वैर svaira n. unreservedly edit स्वैर svaira n. wilfulness edit स्वैरम् svairam adverb at one's pleasure edit स्वैरम् svairam ind. unconstrainedly edit स्वैरम् svairam ind. at random edit स्वैरम् svairam ind. of one's own accord edit स्वैरम् svairam ind. cautiously edit स्वैरम् svairam ind. slowly edit स्वैरम् svairam ind. easily edit स्वैरम् svairam ind. softly

स्वैरम् svairam ind. freely edit स्वैरम् svairam ind. spontaneously edit स्वैरम् svairam ind. according to one's own inclination or will or pleasure edit स्वैरम् svairam ind. gently edit स्वैरिन् svairin adj. insubordinate edit स्वैरिन् svairin adj. free edit स्वैरिन् svairin adj. going where one likes edit स्वैरिन् svairin adj. independent edit स्वैरिन् svairin adj. unrestrained edit स्वैरता svairatA f. self-reliance edit स्वैरता svairatA f. independence edit स्वैरता svairatA f. wilfulness edit स्वैरेण svaireNa ind. at random edit स्वैरेण svaireNa ind. at will edit स्वैरेषु svaireSu ind. in optional or indifferent matters edit स्वैरिणी svairiNI f. bat edit स्वैरिता svairitA f. wilfulness edit स्वैरिता svairitA f. independence edit स्वैरकम् svairakam ind. unreservedly edit स्वैरकम् svairakam ind. unrestrainedly

स्वैरकम् svairakam ind. freely edit स्वैरकम् svairakam ind. plainly edit स्वैरकम् svairakam ind. straight out edit स्वैराचार svairAcAra adj. of unrestrained conduct or behaviour edit स्वैराचार svairAcAra m. independence edit स्वैराहार svairAhAra m. abundant food edit स्वैराहार svairAhAra m. as much food as one likes edit स्वैरगति svairagati adj. going about freely edit स्वैरस्थ svairastha adj. remaining indifferent or unconcerned edit स्वैरचारिन् svairacArin adj. acting at will edit स्वैरचारिन् svairacArin adj. free edit स्वैरचारिन् svairacArin adj. independent edit स्वैरकथा svairakathA f. unreserved or unconstrained conversation edit स्वैरवृत्ति svairavRtti adj. acting wilfully or without restraint edit स्वैरवृत्ति svairavRtti f. unbridledness edit स्वैरवृत्ति svairavRtti f. wilfulness edit स्वैरवर्तिन् svairavartin adj. following one's own inclinations edit स्वैरवर्तिन् svairavartin adj. acting as one likes edit स्वैरिकर्मन् svairikarman n. action accomplished for one's own profit edit स्वैरविहारिन् svairavihArin adj. meeting with no resistance स्वैरविहारिन् svairavihArin adj. roaming about at pleasure edit स्वैरविहारिन् svairavihArin adj. unimpeded

Don’t forget that Dza ( SA sound il Sanskrit)  in Greek is a prefix that means inseparable, ONE.

And SAVITRI, means solar ray, ray of light, ring finger, mother, female producer, solar, sacred thread, सर्वे sarve pl. all, as you can read below.

सावित्री sAvitrI f. solar ray edit सावित्री sAvitrI f. particular form of the gAyatrI metre edit सावित्री sAvitrI f. verse or prayer addressed to savitR or the Sun edit सावित्री sAvitrI f. ray of light edit सावित्री sAvitrI f. ring-finger edit सावित्रि sAvitri f. particular verse edit सवित्री savitrI f. mother edit सवित्री savitrI f. female producer edit सावित्रिका sAvitrikA f. particular zakti edit सवित्रिय savitriya adj. relating or belonging to the sun edit सवित्रिय savitriya adj. solar edit सावित्रीसूत्र sAvitrIsUtra n. sacred thread edit सावित्रीव्रत sAvitrIvrata n. particular fast edit सावित्रीपतित sAvitrIpatita adj. not invested with the sacred thread at the proper time edit सावित्रीपतित sAvitrIpatita adj. fallen from or deprived of the sAvitrI edit सावित्रीपुत्रीय sAvitrIputrIya m. king of the sAvitrI-putras edit सावित्रीव्रतक sAvitrIvrataka n. particular fast

On the other hand, We will find “suniath zuniath“ to express (  SUMA  in fact ) the meanings of SKY,  and the translations  void, empty, blank, hollow,  cipher, absence, nothingness in Sanskrit, that come from a different roots and are pronounced in a totally different way. These are the proof of an existing word and sound +compounds that express the Zero concept better than the zephyr sound, that has a different meaning.  

ZUN ROOT:

शून्यता zUnyatA f. absence of mind edit शून्यता zUnyatA f. illusory nature edit शून्यता zUnyatA f. illusory nature of phenomena edit शून्यता zUnyatA f. desolateness edit शून्यता zUnyatA f. emptiness edit शून्यता zUnyatA f. vacancy edit शून्यता zUnyatA f. non-reality edit शून्यता zUnyatA f. loneliness edit शून्यता zUnyatA f. non-existence edit शून्यता zUnyatA f. distraction edit सुन्यस्त sunyasta adj. well laid down or stretched out edit सुन्यस्त sunyasta adj. well laid out stretched out edit शून्यत्व zUnyatva n. dreariness edit शून्यवत् zUnyavat ind. like a cypher edit शून्यवत् zUnyavat ind. as if it were annihilated or vanished edit शून्याकाश zUnyAkAza m. space edit शून्याकृति zUnyAkRti adj. empty-formed edit शून्याकृति zUnyAkRti adj. having a vacant aspect edit शून्यालय zUnyAlaya m. empty or deserted house edit शून्यगेह zUnyageha n. empty house शून्यहर zUnyahara n. gold edit शून्यहर zUnyahara n. remover of emptiness edit शून्यमूल zUnyamUla adj. empty or unprotected at the base edit शून्यपाल zUnyapAla m. keeper of a vacant place edit शून्यपाल zUnyapAla m. substitute edit शून्यवाद zUnyavAda m. Buddhist doctrine of the non-existence edit शून्यवाद zUnyavAda m. doctrine of the non-existence edit शून्यवाद zUnyavAda m. atheism edit शून्यवाद zUnyavAda m. Buddhism edit शून्यशाला zUnyazAlA f. empty hall edit शून्याशून्य zUnyAzUnya n. emancipation of the spirit even during a person's life edit शून्यभाव zUnyabhAva m. state of being empty edit शून्यभाव zUnyabhAva m. emptiness edit शून्यबिन्दु zUnyabindu m. mark of a cypher or nought edit शून्यचित्त zUnyacitta adj. vacant-minded edit शून्यचित्त zUnyacitta adj. absent-minded edit शून्यचित्त zUnyacitta adj. thinking of nothing edit शून्यहस्त zUnyahasta adj. empty-handed edit शून्यकर्ण zUnyakarNa m. ear adorned with an earring edit शून्यवादिन् zUnyavAdin m. Buddhist शून्यवादिन् zUnyavAdin m. affirmer of a void edit शून्यवादिन् zUnyavAdin m. atheist edit शून्यशून्य zUnyazUnya adj. thoroughly empty or vain edit शून्यहृदय zUnyahRdaya adj. absentminded edit शून्यहृदय zUnyahRdaya adj. absent minded edit शून्यहृदय zUnyahRdaya adj. heartless edit शून्यमध्य zUnyamadhya m. having a hollow or empty centre edit शून्यमध्य zUnyamadhya m. hollow reed edit शून्यपदवी zUnyapadavI f. way or passage of the soul edit शून्यपदवी zUnyapadavI f. path to non-existence edit शून्यस्थान zUnyasthAna n. empty place edit शून्यशरीर zUnyazarIra adj. having nothing in the body edit शून्यशरीर zUnyazarIra adj. empty-bodied edit शून्य स्थान zUnya sthAna n. empty place edit शून्यव्यापार zUnyavyApAra adj. free from occupation edit शून्यव्यापार zUnyavyApAra adj. unoccupied edit शून्य-मनस्क zUnya-manaska adj. absent-minded edit शून्य-मनस्क zUnya-manaska adj. absent  [ inattentive ] edit शून्य-मनस्क zUnya-manaska adj. inattentive edit शून्यहृदयत्व zUnyahRdayatva n. absence of mind प्रकेवल शून्य prakevala zUnya n. absolute zero  [ Phys. ] edit शून्य-मनस्कता zUnya-manaskatA f. absence of mind edit शून्य-मनस्कता zUnya-manaskatA f. absent-mindedness edit शून्यागारकृतालय zUnyAgArakRtAlaya adj. making an abode in deserted houses edit शुन्य-विभ्रम-शोधन zunya-vibhrama-zodhana n. correcting for zero error 

So apparently all this comes to a simple conclusion: 0, ZERO, means everything and not nothing.

As it contains everything, and it is the symbol of the sun, of the sky, of a city, of the ring, that we find in petro glyphs and ideograms. Some other sound like “Sun, zun, ( zen maybe ), shum, etc…  should be used to express the concept of “Zero”, whilst “ZEVIR” , “cipher”,  “SAVIR”, should be interpreted as “totality,  where we can see that zephyr comes after the concept of sky, being a specific wind that blows in the sky, the greatest,  highest value, the container etc…  and SUM, which stands for the “concept of addition “of something to something else, being the starting value that we should add to a zero  value,  to obtain the number we have got.     

Reducing the concept of Zero to the its opposite meaning, makes sense only from a philosophical or religious point of view. Once we know that unity, O, can be expressed by the symbol of ZERO, then we will notice that any other number will eventually mean a subdivision of the entire.

Someone did not want us to know that if God is Zero, then One, is the symbol of separateness. 

So, every thought based on this mistake, originated by the mystification of the fallen Angels, will express a peculiar characteristic of an Ego, that has parted from God, Unity and Oneness.

The key to the understanding of the multiverse can be found in the nexus of the rings. Wheels within wheels turn incessantly, whilst separate, ignorant and crazy spinning tops, disconnected from others and the world,  would like to own it acting as if they were alone, for their selfish pleasure and purposes.

 Sense and sensibility should be regarded as means to reach and understand, and those who take pleasure in them,  should be warned. Harmonic Unity is what we need, and chains of numbers ARE STILL CHAINS.

Division creates sides, whilst conflict generates sufferance. Unity is the path.  

"A typical example of diverted number misinterpretation, said Mister Holmes to  Doctor Watson". 

by Jedi Simon